Digital Turbidity Sensor no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino

1. ʻO ka lua o ka lua mea kanu wai, ke kīʻaha sedimentation etc. nā ʻanuʻu ma ka laina nānā a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka turbidity.

2. ʻO ka mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, ka nānā ʻana ma ka laina o ka turbidity o nā ʻano ʻano hana hana ʻenehana o ka wai a me ke kaʻina mālama wai ʻino.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Turbidity, kahi ana o ke ao o ka wai, he hōʻailona maʻalahi a maʻamau o ka maikaʻi o ka wai.Ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka wai inu, me ka mea i hana ʻia e ka kānana no nā makahiki he mau makahiki.ʻO ke ana turbidity ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kukui kukui, me nā hiʻohiʻona i wehewehe ʻia, e hoʻoholo ai i ka loaʻa semi-quantitative o nā mea particulate i loko o ka wai a i ʻole kekahi laʻana wai.Ua kapa ʻia ke kukui kukui e like me ke kukui uila hanana.ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i loko o ka wai ke kumu e hoʻopuehu ai ke kukui uila a ʻike ʻia kēia kukui hoʻopuehu ʻia a helu ʻia e pili ana i kahi maʻamau calibration traceable.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o nā mea ʻala i loko o kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ke kukui kukui i hana ʻia a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka turbidity.

ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i loko o kahi laʻana e hele ana i kahi kumu kukui hanana i wehewehe ʻia (pinepine i ke kukui incandescent, light emitting diode (LED) a i ʻole laser diode), hiki ke kōkua i ka turbidity holoʻokoʻa o ka hāpana.ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka kānana ʻana ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻāpana mai kekahi laʻana.Ke hana pono nei nā ʻōnaehana kānana a nānā ʻia me ka turbidimeter, e ʻike ʻia ka turbidity o ka effluent e kahi ana haʻahaʻa a paʻa.E emi ana ka pono o kekahi mau turbidimeters ma ka wai maʻemaʻe loa, kahi i haʻahaʻa loa ai ka nui o nā ʻāpana a me nā pae helu ʻāpana.No kēlā mau turbidimeters i nele i ka naʻau ma kēia mau pae haʻahaʻa, hiki ke liʻiliʻi nā hoʻololi turbidity i loaʻa mai kahi haki kānana i hiki ke ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ka leo turbidity baseline o ka mea kani.

He nui nā kumu o kēia walaʻau kumu e like me ke kani ʻana o ka mea kani (leo uila), ke kukui hele ʻole mea kani, ka walaʻau hāpana, a me ka walaʻau i ke kumu kukui ponoʻī.He mea hoʻohui kēia mau mea a lilo lākou i kumu kumu o nā pane turbidity maikaʻi hewa a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka palena ʻike mea kani.

ʻO ke kumuhana o nā maʻamau i ke ana turbidimetric ua paʻakikī kekahi e nā ʻano o nā ʻano maʻamau i hoʻohana maʻamau a ʻae ʻia no ka hōʻike ʻana e nā hui e like me ka USEPA a me nā Kūlana Kūlana, a ʻo kekahi hapa e ka huaʻōlelo a i ʻole wehewehe i pili iā lākou.Ma ka 19th Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, ua hana ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kūlana kumu mua a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Standard Methods i kahi maʻamau mua e like me ka mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana mai ka traceable raw material, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana pololei a ma lalo o nā kūlana kaiapuni i hoʻomalu ʻia.I loko o ka turbidity, ʻo Formazin wale nō ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka maʻamau kumu mua a ʻike ʻia nā kūlana ʻē aʻe a pau i Formazin.Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea algorithm a me nā kikoʻī no nā turbidimeters a puni kēia maʻamau.

Ke wehewehe nei ʻo Standard Methods i nā maʻamau lua e like me kēlā mau maʻamau i hōʻoia ʻia e ka mea hana (a i ʻole kahi hui hoʻāʻo kūʻokoʻa) e hāʻawi i nā hopena calibration mea like (i loko o kekahi mau palena) i nā hopena i loaʻa i ka wā e calibrated ʻia kahi mea hana me nā maʻamau Formazin i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana (mau kumu mua).Loaʻa nā ʻano maʻamau like ʻole no ka calibration, me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kumukūʻai kūʻai kūʻai o 4,000 NTU Formazin, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Formazin i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (StablCal ™ Stabilized Formazin Standards, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo StablCal Standards, StablCal Solutions, a i ʻole StablCal), a me nā hoʻokuʻu pāʻoihana o microspheres o styrene divinylbenzene copolymer.

Ka Papa Hana Hoʻonaʻauao Turbidity