Pehea e ana ʻia ai ka ʻūhā o ka wai?

He aha ka Turbidity?

ʻO ka turbidity kahi ana o ke ao a ʻeleʻele paha o kahi wai, i hoʻohana mau ʻia e loiloi i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma nā kino wai maoli—e like me nā muliwai, nā loko, a me nā moana—a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai. E kū mai ana ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e like me ka lepo, nā algae, plankton, a me nā huahana ʻoihana e hoʻopuehu i ka mālamalama e hele ana ma ke kolamu wai.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka turbidity i nā nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), me nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ka opacity o ka wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻāpana i ka nui o ka māmā i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai, e like me ke ana ʻana e ka nephelometer. Hoʻomālamalama ka nephelometer i ke kukui ma o ka hāpana a ʻike i ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma kahi kihi 90-degere. Hōʻike nā helu NTU kiʻekiʻe i ka nui aʻe o ka turbidity, a i ʻole ke ao, i ka wai. Hōʻike nā helu NTU haʻahaʻa i ka wai maʻemaʻe.
No ka laʻana: Loaʻa paha i ka wai maʻemaʻe kahi waiwai NTU kokoke i ka 0. ʻO ka wai inu, pono e hoʻokō i nā kūlana palekana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka NTU ma lalo o 1. ʻO ka wai me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka pollution a i ʻole nā ​​mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia hiki ke loaʻa nā waiwai NTU i loko o nā haneli a mau tausani.

No ke aha e ana i ka turbidity o ka wai?

Hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe turbidity kiʻekiʻe ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole:
1） Hoʻemi ʻia ke komo ʻana o ka māmā: Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka photosynthesis i loko o nā mea kanu wai, a laila e hoʻopau i ka kaiaola wai ākea e pili ana i ka huahana mua.
2）Ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kānana: Hiki i nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke keʻakeʻa i nā kānana i nā hale mālama wai, hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai hana a hōʻemi i ka pono o ka mālama ʻana.
3）Ka hui pū me nā mea haumia: ʻO nā mea e hoʻopōʻino ai i nā mea ʻino, e like me nā microorganism pathogenic, nā metala kaumaha, a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa, e hoʻopilikia ana i ke olakino a me ke olakino kanaka.
Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ka turbidity kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi no ka loiloi ʻana i ka pono kino, kemika, a me ke olaola o nā kumuwaiwai wai, ʻoi loa i loko o ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me nā ʻōnaehana olakino.
He aha ke kumu o ke ana turbidity?

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ke ana turbidity ma luna o ka lūlū ʻana o ka mālamalama i kona hele ʻana i loko o kahi hāpana wai i loaʻa nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. I ka hui ana o ka malamalama me keia mau mea liilii, ua hoopuehu ia ma na aoao like ole, a ua like ka ikaika o ka malamalama i hoopuehuia me ka hookuonoono o na mea liilii. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻāpana ʻāpana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka mālamalama, e alakaʻi ana i ka turbidity nui aʻe.

ke kumu o ke ana turbidity

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu:
Puna Māmā: ʻO kahi kukuna kukui, i hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻia e ka laser a i ʻole LED, e kuhikuhi ʻia ma o ka laʻana wai.
Nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: I ka laha ʻana o ka mālamalama ma o ka laʻana, ua hoʻopuehu ka mālamalama i nā ʻaoʻao he nui.
ʻIke ʻia o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia: Anephelometer, 'O ka mea hana i ho'ohana 'ia no ka ana turbidity, 'ike i ka malamalama i ho'opuehu 'ia ma ka 90-degree angle e pili ana i ka mea i hana 'ia.
Ke Ana o ka Māmā Hoʻopuehu ʻia: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ikaika o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia, me ka nui o ka ikaika e hōʻike ana i ka ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a, no laila, kiʻekiʻe ka turbidity.
Ka helu ʻana i ka turbidity: ua hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o ka māmā i hoʻopuehu ʻia i Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), e hāʻawi ana i kahi waiwai helu maʻamau e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka turbidity.
He aha ke ana i ka turbidity o ka wai?

ʻO ke ana ʻana i ka ʻūhā wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā sensor turbidity ma muli o ka optical-based turbidity kahi hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi ʻoihana hou. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, koi ʻia kahi multifunctional turbidity analyser e hōʻike i nā ana manawa maoli, hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka sensor maʻamau, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā makaʻala no ka heluhelu ʻana, a laila e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana wai.

ʻO ka mea ʻike hoʻopuehu pūnaewele (ka wai kai hiki ke ana)

Pono nā kaiapuni hana ʻokoʻa i nā ʻoluʻolu nānā ʻana i ka turbidity. Ma nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolako wai lua noho, nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, a ma nā wahi inlet a me waho o nā hale wai inu, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mika turbidity haʻahaʻa me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe a me nā pae ana haiki. ʻO kēia ma muli o ke koi koʻikoʻi no nā pae turbidity haʻahaʻa i kēia mau hoʻonohonoho. No ka laʻana, ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina, ʻo ke kūlana hoʻoponopono no ka wai paipu ma nā hale kanu lapaʻau e kuhikuhi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe turbidity ma lalo o 1 NTU. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai ʻauʻau, i ka wā e alakaʻi ʻia ai, koi nui ia i nā pae turbidity haʻahaʻa, maʻamau e koi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mika turbidity haʻahaʻa.

Meter Turbidity haʻahaʻa TBG-6188T

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo nā noi e like me nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a me nā wahi hoʻohemo ʻana o ka ʻoihana e pono ai nā mika turbidity kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike pinepine ka wai i loko o kēia mau kaiapuni i ka nui o ka turbidity fluctuations a hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nā ʻāpana colloidal, a i ʻole nā ​​​​kemika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā waiwai kūpilikiʻi ma mua o nā palena ana kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kani ultra-haʻahaʻa. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka turbidity influent ma kahi hale hoʻōla wai ʻino ke hiki i nā haneli NTU, a ma hope o ka mālama mua ʻana, pono mau ka nānā ʻana i nā pae turbidity i nā ʻumi o NTU. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mika turbidity kiʻekiʻe ma ke kumu o ka lākiō māmā māmā i hoʻopuehu ʻia. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻonui hoʻonui, loaʻa kēia mau mea hana i nā hiki ke ana mai 0.1 NTU a i 4000 NTU me ka mālama ʻana i ka pololei o ± 2% o ka nui piha.

Mea Analyer Turbidity Mea Hana Ma ka Laina

Ma nā ʻano ʻenehana kūikawā, e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koi i kau ʻia ma ka pololei a me ka paʻa lōʻihi o nā ana turbidity. Hoʻohana pinepine kēia mau ʻoihana i nā mika turbidity dual-beam, kahi e hoʻopili ai i kahi kukuna kuhikuhi e hoʻopaʻi i nā haunaele i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano kumu māmā a me nā loli wela, no laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hilinaʻi mau ʻana. No ka laʻana, pono e mālama mau ʻia ka turbidity o ka wai no ka injection ma lalo o 0.1 NTU, e koi ana i nā koi koʻikoʻi i ka naʻau o ka mea kani a me ke kūʻē ʻana.
Eia kekahi, me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana Internet of Things (IoT), ua lilo nā ʻōnaehana nānā turbidity hou i ka naʻauao a me ka pūnaewele. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā modula kamaʻilio 4G/5G hiki ke hoʻouna i ka manawa maoli o ka ʻikepili turbidity i nā kapuaʻi kapuaʻi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka nānā mamao, ʻikepili ʻikepili, a me nā leka hoʻomaopopo automated. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻokō kahi hale kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai kūloko i kahi ʻōnaehana nānā ʻana i ka turbidity naʻauao e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻikepili turbidity puka me kāna ʻōnaehana hoʻohele wai. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka turbidity maʻamau, hoʻoponopono ʻo ka ʻōnaehana i ka dosing kemika, ka hopena i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka wai mai 98% a i 99.5%, me ka hoʻemi ʻana o 12% i ka hoʻohana kemika.
Ua like ka turbidity i ka manaʻo like me nā mea paʻa paʻa?

ʻO ka Turbidity a me ka Total Suspended Solids (TSS) he mau manaʻo pili, akā ʻaʻole like.
ʻAʻole ana ʻo Turbidity i ka nui o nā ʻāpana, akā pehea ka nui o ka mālamalama i pale ʻia a pale ʻia paha e kēlā mau mea.

ʻOihana Hui Pū ʻIa Paʻa Paʻa (TSS) Meter

Huina Paa Paa(TSS) ana i ka nuipa maoli o na mea i hookuiia iloko o kekahi laana o ka wai.Ua helu ia i ka huina kaumaha o na mea paa i hookauia iloko o ka wai, me ka nana ole i ko lakou mau waiwai.
Ana ʻia ʻo TSS ma ke kānana ʻana i ka nui o ka wai i ʻike ʻia ma o kahi kānana (maʻa mau he kānana me kahi kaumaha i ʻike ʻia).
Nā ʻokoʻa nui:
1）Nature o ke ana:
ʻO ka turbidity kahi waiwai optical (pehea ka laha ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana o ka mālamalama).
ʻO TSS kahi waiwai kino (ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wai).
2）He aha kā lākou e ana:
Hōʻike ka turbidity i ke ʻano o ka maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻeleʻele o ka wai, akā ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka nui maoli o nā paʻa.
Hāʻawi ʻo TSS i kahi ana pololei o ka nui o nā mea paʻa i loko o ka wai, me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ka akaka a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele.
3） Nā ʻāpana:
Ana ʻia ka turbidity ma NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units).
Ana ʻia ka TSS ma mg/L (miligrams no ka lita).
Ua like anei ke kala a me ka turbidity?

ʻAʻole like ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka turbidity, ʻoiai pili nā mea ʻelua i ke ʻano o ka wai.

ʻO ka wai ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻenekini

Eia ka ʻokoʻa:
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu e pili ana i ka hue a i ʻole ka ʻili o ka wai i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e like me nā mea ola (e like me nā lau palaho) a i ʻole nā ​​​​minelala (e like me ka hao a me ka manganese).
ʻO ka turbidity e pili ana i ka pōʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka haziness o ka wai i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia, e like me ka pālolo, ka lepo, nā microorganisms, a i ʻole nā ​​mea paʻa maikaʻi ʻē aʻe.
I ka pōkole:
kala = mea hoʻoheheʻe
Turbidity = nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia