Ka Ana Hoʻohuihui ʻAkika Alkaline SJG-2083CS Pūnaewele

I loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe, nalowale kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā molekala i hoʻokahi hydrogen mai ke ʻano H2O, ma ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo dissociation. No laila, aia i loko o ka wai kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā ion hydrogen, H+, a me nā ion hydroxyl koena, OH-.

Aia ke kaulike ma waena o ke kūkulu mau ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kahi pakeneka liʻiliʻi o nā molekala wai.

Hoʻohui nā iona hydrogen (OH-) i loko o ka wai me nā molekala wai ʻē aʻe e hana i nā iona hydronium, nā iona H3O+, kahi i kapa pinepine ʻia a kapa wale ʻia he mau iona hydrogen. ʻOiai aia kēia mau iona hydroxyl a me hydronium i ke kaulike, ʻaʻole waikawa a ʻaʻole alkaline ka hopena.

ʻO ka waikawa kahi mea e hāʻawi i nā iona hydrogen i loko o ka hopena, ʻoiai ʻo ke kumu a i ʻole alkali kekahi mea e lawe i nā iona hydrogen.

ʻAʻole ʻakika nā mea āpau i loaʻa ka hydrogen no ka mea pono ke loaʻa ka hydrogen i kahi kūlana e maʻalahi ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ʻaʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā hui organik e hoʻopaʻa pono ana i ka hydrogen i nā ʻātoma kalapona. No laila, kōkua ka pH i ka helu ʻana i ka ikaika o kahi waikawa ma ka hōʻike ʻana i ka nui o nā ion hydrogen e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka hopena.

He waikawa ikaika ka waikawa hydrochloric no ka mea, ʻo ka pilina ionic ma waena o ka hydrogen a me nā ion chloride he polar ia e hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi ʻia i loko o ka wai, e hana ana i nā ion hydrogen he nui a e hoʻolilo i ka hopena i waikawa ikaika. ʻO ia ke kumu he pH haʻahaʻa loa ia. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia ʻano dissociation i loko o ka wai ma ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu, ʻo ia ke kumu e hana maʻalahi ai.

ʻO nā waikawa nāwaliwali nā hui e hāʻawi manawaleʻa i ka hydrogen akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi loa, e like me kekahi mau waikawa organik. ʻO ka waikawa acetic, i loaʻa i loko o ka vīnega, no ka laʻana, he nui ka hydrogen akā i loko o kahi hui waikawa carboxylic, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai iā ia i loko o nā pilina covalent a nonpolar paha.

ʻO ka hopena, hoʻokahi wale nō o nā hydrogens e hiki ke haʻalele i ka molekala, a pēlā nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka paʻa i loaʻa ma ka hāʻawi ʻana aku.

ʻAe ke kumu a i ʻole ka alkali i nā iona hydrogen, a i ka wā e hoʻohui ʻia ai i ka wai, omo ia i nā iona hydrogen i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka dissociation o ka wai i neʻe ai ke kaulike ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka nui o ka ion hydroxyl, e hoʻolilo ana i ka hopena i alkaline a i ʻole basic.

ʻO kahi laʻana o kahi kumu maʻamau ka sodium hydroxide, a i ʻole lye, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ke kopa. Ke loaʻa kahi waikawa a me kahi alkali i nā ʻano molar like, hana maʻalahi nā ion hydrogen a me hydroxyl me kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i ka paʻakai a me ka wai, ma kahi hopena i kapa ʻia ʻo neutralization.